1963

World Events

Population: 3.205 billion

Nobel Peace Prize:

Intl. Comm. of Red Cross; League of Red Cross Societies (both Geneva)

• France and West Germany sign treaty of cooperation ending four centuries of conflict (Jan. 22).
• Pope John XXIII dies (June 3), and is succeeded June 21 by Cardinal Montini, who becomes Paul VI.
• British Secretary of War John Profumo resigns in the wake of an affair with Christine Keeler, a teenage showgirl who was also involved with the Soviet naval attaché (June).
• Washington-to-Moscow "hot line" communications link opens, designed to reduce risk of accidental war (Aug. 30).
• Kenya achieves independence.
• There are 15,000 US military advisers in South Vietnam.
• 32 independent African nations establish the Organization for African Unity.

U.S. Events

U.S. Statistics

President: John F. Kennedy

Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson

Population: 189,241,798

Life expectancy: 69.9 years

Violent Crime Rate (per 1,000): 21.8

Property Crime Rate (per 1,000): 20.1

Homicide Rate (per 100,000): 4.9

• Michael E. De Bakey implants artificial heart in human for first time at Houston hospital (April 21).
• US Supreme Court rules no locality may require recitation of Lord's Prayer or Bible verses in public schools (June 17).
• "March on Washington," civil rights rally held by 200,000 blacks and whites in Washington, D.C.; Martin Luther King delivers "I have a dream" speech (Aug. 28).
• President Kennedy shot and killed in Dallas, Tex. Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President same day (Nov. 22).
• Lee Harvey Oswald, accused Kennedy assassin, is shot and killed by Jack Ruby (Nov. 24).

Economics

• US GDP (1998 dollars):   $617.4 billion
• Federal spending:   $111.32 billion
• Federal debt:   $310.3 billion
• Consumer Price Index:   30.6
• Unemployment:   5.5%
• Cost of a first-class stamp:   $0.04 ($0.05 as of 1/7/63)

Sports

• World Series: LA Dodgers d. NY Yankees (4-0)
• NBA Championship: Boston d. LA Lakers (4-2)
• Stanley Cup: Toronto d. Detroit (4-1)
• Wimbledon: Women: Margaret Smith d. B.J. Moffitt (6-3 6-4). Men: Chuck McKinley d. F. Stolle (9-7 6-1 6-4)
• Kentucky Derby Champion: Chateaugay
• NCAA Basketball Championship: Loyola-IL d. Cincinnati (60-58 OT)
• NCAA Football Champions: Texas (11-0-0)

Entertainment

• Entertainment Awards
• Pulitzer Prizes
• Fiction: The Reivers, William Faulkner
• Music: Piano Concerto No. 1, Samuel Barber
• Oscars awarded in 1963
• Academy Award, Best Picture: Lawrence of Arabia, Sam Spiegel, producer (Columbia)
• Nobel Prize for Literature: Giorgios Seferis (Seferiades) (Greece)
• Grammys awarded in 1963
• Record of the Year: "I Left My Heart in San Francisco," Tony Bennett
• Album of the Year: The First Family, Vaughn Meader (Cadence)
• Song of the Year: "What Kind of Fool Am I," Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, songwriters
• Miss America: Jacquelyn Mayer (OH)

Top Pop Songs

• Sugar Shack-- Jimmy Gilmer & the Fireballs
• He’s So Fine—Chiffons
• Dominique-- Singing Nun
• Hey Paula-- Paul & Paula
• My Boyfriend’s Back—Angels
• Blue Velvet-- Bobby Vinton
• Sukiyaki-- Kyu Sakamoto
• I Will Follow Him-- Little Peggy March
• Fingertips (Pt. 2)-- Little Stevie Wonder
• Walk Like a Man-- Four Seasons

Events

• Viewers tuned into NBC witness Jack Ruby shoot Lee Harvey Oswald on camera – the first live telecast of a murder.
• Beatlemania hits the U.K. The Beatles, a British band composed of John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney, take Britain by storm.
• The Rolling Stones emerge as the anti-Beatles, with an aggressive, blues-derived style.
• The French Chef with Julia Child debuts on educational television.

Movies

• Tom Jones
• Lilies of the Field
• America, America

Books

• James Baldwin, The Fire Next Time
• e e cummings, 73 Poems
• Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
• Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar
• Thomas Pynchon, V
• John Rechy, City of Night
• Charles M. Schulz, Happiness is a Warm Puppy
• John Updike, The Centaur
• Kurt Vonnegut, Cat's Cradle

Science

• Nobel Prizes in Science

o        Chemistry: Carl Ziegler (Germany) and Giulio Natta (Italy), for work in uniting simple hydrocarbons into large molecule substances

o        Physics: Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer (both US), and J. Hans D. Jensen (Germany), for research on structure of atom and its nucleus

o        Physiology or Medicine: Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley (both UK), and Sir John Carew Eccles (Australia), for research on nerve cells

·         Quasars are discovered by Marten Schmidt (US).

·         The first liver transplant is performed by F.D. Moore and T.E. Starzl.

·         The first commercial nuclear reactor goes online at the Jersey Central Power Company.

·         The sedative Valium (chlordiazepoxide) is developed by Roche labs.

Deaths

·         John Fitzgerald Kennedy 11/22/1963

·         W.E.B. Du Bois

·         Robert Frost

·         Rogers Hornsby

·         Aldous Huxley

1964 

World Events

Population: 3.276 billion

Nobel Peace Prize: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (US)

·         Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa (June 11).

·         Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin Resolution after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attack US destroyers (Aug. 7).

·         Khrushchev is deposed; Kosygin becomes premier and Brezhnev becomes first secretary of the Communist Party (October).

·         China detonates its first atomic bomb.

U.S. Events

U.S. Statistics

President: Lyndon B. Johnson

Vice President: none

Population: 191,888,791

Life expectancy: 70.2 years

Violent Crime Rate (per 1,000): 23.9

Property Crime Rate (per 1,000): 22.0

Homicide Rate (per 100,000): 5.1

·         US Supreme Court rules that Congressional districts should be roughly equal in population (Feb. 17).

·         Three civil rights workers—Schwerner, Goodman, and Cheney—murdered in Mississippi (June).

·         President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy issues Warren Report concluding that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

·         Jack Ruby convicted of murder in slaying of Lee Harvey Oswald.

Economics

• US GDP (1998 dollars):   $663 billion
• Federal spending:   $118.53 billion
• Federal debt:   $316.1 billion
• Consumer Price Index:   31
• Unemployment:   5.7%
• Cost of a first-class stamp:   $0.05

 Sports

• World Series: St. Louis Cardinals d. NY Yankees (4-3)
• NBA Championship: Boston d. SF Warriors (4-1)
• Stanley Cup: Toronto d. Detroit (4-3)
• Wimbledon: Women: Maria Bueno d. M. Smith (6-4 7-9 6-3), Men: Roy Emerson d. F. Stolle (6-4 12-10 4-6 6-3)
• Kentucky Derby Champion: Northern Dancer
• NCAA Basketball Championship: UCLA d. Duke (98-83)
• NCAA Football Champions: Alabama (AP, UPI), (10-1-0); Arkansas (FW), (11-0-0) & Notre Dame (NFF), (9-1-0)
• 1964 Summer Olympics
• 1964 Winter Olympics

Entertainment

Entertainment Awards

• Oscars awarded in 1964
• Academy Award, Best Picture: Tom Jones, Tony Richardson, producer (United Artists-Lopert Pictures)
• Nobel Prize for Literature: Jean-Paul Sartre (France) (declined)
• Grammys awarded in 1964
• Record of the Year: "The Days of Wine and Roses," Henry Mancini
• Album of the Year: The Barbra Streisand Album, Barbra Streisand (Columbia)
• Song of the Year: "The Days of Wine and Roses," Henry Mancini and Johnny Mercer, composers
• Miss America: Donna Axum (AR)

Top Pop Songs

• I Want to Hold Your Hand—Beatles
• Can’t Buy Me Love—Beatles
• There! I’ve Said It Again-- Bobby Vinton
• Baby Love—Supremes
• Oh, Pretty Woman-- Roy Orbison
• The House of the Rising Sun—Animals
• Chapel of Love-- Dixie Cups
• I Feel Fine—Beatles
• She Loves You—Beatles
• I Get Around-- Beach Boys
  
  

Events

• Folk musician Bob Dylan becomes increasingly popular during this time of social protest with songs expressing objection to the condition of American society.
• Psychedelic bands such as The Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane enjoy great success with songs celebrating the counterculture of the '60s.
• Peyton Place premieres on ABC and is the first prime-time soap opera. Color television makes its way into U.S. homes.
• The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show.

Movies

• Red Desert, Dr. Strangelove
• My Fair Lady
• Mary Poppins
• Zorba the Greek
• Becket

Books

• Donald Barthelme, Come Back, Dr. Caligari
• John Berryman, 77 Dream Songs
• John Cheever, The Wapshot Scandal
• James Dickey, Helmets, Two Poems of the Air
• John Hawkes, Second Skin
• Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast
• Katherine Anne Porter, Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
• Hubert Selby, Last Exit to Brooklyn

Science

Nobel Prizes in Science

·         Chemistry: Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (UK), for determining structure of compounds needed in combatting pernicious anemia

·         Physics: Charles Hard Townes (US), Nikolai G. Basov, and Aleksandr M. Prochorov (both USSR), for developing maser and laser principle of producing high-intensity radiation

·         Physiology or Medicine: Konrad E. Bloch (US) and Feodor Lynen (Germany), for research on mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty-acid metabolism

• Ranger VII takes 4,316 high-resolution pictures of the moon. Background: US Unstaffed Planetary and Lunar Programs
• US Surgeon General Luther Terry affirms that cigarette smoking causes cancer.

Deaths

• Herbert Clark Hoover 10/20/1964
• Douglas MacArthur
• Harpo Marx
• Adlai Stevenson

1965 
World Events

Population: 3.345 billion

Nobel Peace Prize: UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)

• The first US combat troops arrive in Vietnam. By the end of the year, 190,000 American soldiers are in Vietnam.
• US marines land in the Dominican Republic as fighting persists between rebels and Dominican army (April 28).
• France withdraws its Atlantic fleet from NATO.
• Rhodesia unilaterally declares its independence from Britain (Nov. 11).

U.S. Events

U.S. Statistics

President: Lyndon B. Johnson

Vice President: Hubert H. Humphrey

Population: 194,302,963

Life expectancy: 70.2 years

Violent Crime Rate (per 1,000): 24.5

Property Crime Rate (per 1,000): 22.5

Homicide Rate (per 100,000): 5.5

• Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and more than 2,600 others arrested in Selma, Ala., during demonstrations against voter-registration rules (Feb. 1).
• Malcolm X, black-nationalist leader, shot to death at Harlem rally (Feb. 21).
• Blacks riot for six days in Watts section of Los Angeles: 34 dead, over 1,000 injured, nearly 4,000 arrested (Aug. 11-16).

Economics

• US GDP (1998 dollars):   $719.1 billion
• Federal spending:   $118.23 billion
• Federal debt:   $322.3 billion
• Consumer Price Index:   31.5
• Unemployment:   5.2%
• Cost of a first-class stamp:   $0.05

Sports

• World Series: LA Dodgers d. Minnesota (4-3)
• NBA Championship: Boston d. LA Lakers (4-1)
• Stanley Cup: Montreal d. Chicago (4-3)
• Wimbledon: Women: Margaret Smith d. M. Bueno (6-4 7-5), Men: Roy Emerson d. F. Stolle (6-2 6-4 6-4)
• Kentucky Derby Champion: Lucky Debonair
• NCAA Basketball Championship: UCLA d. Michigan (91-80)
• NCAA Football Champions ;Alabama (AP, FW-tie) (9-1-1) & Michigan St. (UPI, NFF, FW-tie) (10-1-0)

Entertainment

Entertainment Awards

Pulitzer Prizes

·         Fiction: The Keepers of the House, Shirley Ann Grau

·         Drama: The Subject Was Roses, Frank D. Gilroy

·         Oscars awarded in 1965

·         Academy Award, Best Picture: My Fair Lady, Jack L. Warner, producer (Warner Bros.)

·         Nobel Prize for Literature: Mikhail Sholokhov (USSR)

·         Grammys awarded in 1965

·         Record of the Year: "The Girl From Ipanema," Stan Getz and Astrud Gilberto

·         Album of the Year: Getz/Gilberto, Stan Getz and Joao Gilberto (Verve)

·         Song of the Year: "Hello, Dolly!," Jerry Herman, songwriter

·         Miss America: Vonda Kay Van Dyke (AZ)

Top Pop Songs

• Satisfaction-- Rolling Stones
• Yesterday—Beatles
• Turn! Turn! Turn!—Byrds
• Mrs. Brown You’ve Got a Lovely Daughter-- Herman’s Hermits
• I Got You Babe-- Sonny & Cher
• Help!—Beatles
• I Can’t Help Myself-- Four Tops
• You’ve Lost The Lovin’ Feelin’-- Righteous Brothers
• Downtown-- Petula Clark
• This Diamond Ring-- Gary Lewis & the Playboys

Events

·         The Sound of Music premieres. An instant hit, the film was one of the top-grossing films of 1965 and remains one of film's most popular musicals.

·         ABC pays an unprecedented $32 million for a four-year contract with the NCAA to broadcast football games on Saturday afternoons.

·         Bill Cosby, starring in I Spy, becomes the first African American to headline a television show.

Movies

·         Dr. Zhivago

·         The Sound of Music

·         A Thousand Clowns

·         Darling

Books

·         James Baldwin, Going to Meet the Man

·         Amiri Baraka, The Dead Lecturer

·         Heinrich Böll, The Clown

·         Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X

·         Peter Matthiessen, At Play in the Fields of the Lord

·         Ralph Nader, Unsafe at Any Speed

·         Sylvia Plath, Ariel, The Uncollected Poems

·         Eudora Welty, Thirteen Stories

Science

Nobel Prizes in Science

·         Chemistry: Robert B. Woodward (US), for work in synthesizing complicated organic compounds

·         Physics: Richard P. Feynman, Julian S. Schwinger (both US), and Shinichiro Tomonaga (Japan), for research in quantum electrodynamics

·         Physiology or Medicine: François Jacob, André Lwolff, and Jacques Monod (all France), for study of regulatory activities in body cells

• Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson's (US) discovery of cosmic background radiation confirms the "Big Bang" theory.
• Early Bird, the first commercial communications satellite, is launched.
• Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford aboard Gemini VI perform the first rendezvous with another spacecraft, Gemini VII, with Frank Borman and James Lovell.
• Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov performs the first spacewalk (Mar. 18). Edward White II becomes the first American to walk in space (June 3).

Deaths

• Winston Churchill
• Nat King Cole
• T.S. Eliot

1966 
World Events

Population: 3.415 billion

• France withdraws its forces from NATO. President De Gaulle visits the USSR (June 20).
• Sukarno leaves office in Indonesia; Suharto assumes power.
• Botswana, Lesotho, and Guyana become independent states within the British Commonwealth.
• India suffers the worst famine in 20 years; Lyndon Johnson asks for $1 billion in aid to the country.

U.S. Events

U.S. Statistics

President: Lyndon B. Johnson

Vice President: Hubert H. Humphrey

Population: 196,560,338

Life expectancy: 70.2 years

Violent Crime Rate (per 1,000): 26.7

Property Crime Rate (per 1,000): 24.5

Homicide Rate (per 100,000): 5.9

• Medicare begins (July 1).
• Supreme Court decides Miranda v. Arizona, protecting rights of the accused.
• Stokeley Carmichael elected president of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

Economics

• US GDP (1998 dollars):   $787.8 billion
• Federal spending:   $134.53 billion
• Federal debt:   $328.5 billion
• Consumer Price Index:   32.4
• Unemployment:   4.5%
• Cost of a first-class stamp:   $0.05

Sports

• World Series: Baltimore d. LA Dodgers (4-0)
• NBA Championship: Boston d. LA Lakers (4-3)
• Stanley Cup: Montreal d. Detroit (4-2)
• Wimbledon: Women: Billie Jean King d. M. Bueno (6-3 3-6 6-1), Men: Manuel Santana d. D. Ralston (6-4 11-9 6-4)
• Kentucky Derby Champion: Kauai King
• NCAA Basketball Championship: Texas Western d. Kentucky (72-65)
• NCAA Football Champions: Notre Dame (AP, UPI, FW, NFF-tie) (9-0-1) & Michigan St. (NFF-tie) (9-0-1)
• World Cup: England d. W. Germany (4-2)

Entertainment

Entertainment Awards

Pulitzer Prizes

• Fiction: Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter, Katherine Anne Porter
• Music: Variations for Orchestra, Leslie Bassett
• Oscars awarded in 1966
• Academy Award, Best Picture: The Sound of Music, Robert Wise, producer (Twentieth Century-Fox)
• Nobel Prize for Literature: Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Israel) and Nelly Sachs (Sweden)

• Record of the Year: "A Taste of Honey," Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass
• Album of the Year: September of My Years, Frank Sinatra (Reprise)
• Song of the Year: "The Shadow of Your Smile" (Love Theme From The Sandpiper), Paul Francis Webster and Johnny Mandel, songwriters

Miss America: Deborah Irene Bryant (KS)

Top Pop Songs

• I’m a Believer-- Monkees
  The Ballad of the Green Berets-- S/Sgt. Barry Sadler
  Winchester Cathedral-- New Vaudeville Band
  Soul and Inspiration-- Righteous Brothers
  Monday, Monday-- The Mama’s & the Papa’s
  We Can Work It Out-- Beatles
  Summer In the City-- Lovin’ Spoonful
  Cherish-- Association
  You Can’t Hurry Love-- Supremes
  Wild Thing-- Troggs 

Events

• The first Star Trek episode, "The Man Trap," is broadcast on September 8. The plot concerns a creature that sucks salt from human bodies.
• CBS backs out of plans to broadcast Psycho, deeming the movie too violent for at-home viewing.
• The old Metropolitan Opera House is abandoned as the company moves to Lincoln Center. The new Metropolitan Opera opens with Samuel Barber's Antony and Cleopatra.

Movies

• A Man for All Seasons
• Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf?
• Alfie
• A Man and a Woman

Books

• John Barth, Giles Goat-Boy
• Paul Bowles, Up Above the World
• Truman Capote, In Cold Blood
• Robert Coover, The Origin of the Brunists
• Bernard Malamud, The Fixer
• Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49

Science

Nobel Prizes in Science

• Chemistry: Robert Sanderson Mulliken (US), for research on bond holding atoms together in molecule
• Physics: Alfred Kastler (France), for work on energy levels inside atom
• Physiology or Medicine: Charles Brenton Huggins (US), for studies in hormone treatment of cancer of prostate; Francis Peyton Rous (US), for discovery of tumor-producing viruses

Deaths

• Montgomery Clift
• Walt Disney